Electrocardiogram (EKG)
This is a non-invasive test in which twelve electrodes (patches) are placed on the body to monitor electrical activity associated with the heartbeat.
Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE)
This is a method of studying the heart’s structure and function by analyzing sound waves bounced off the heart and recorded by a small sensor placed on the chest. A computer processes the information to produce a one- or two-dimensional moving picture that shows how the heart and heart valves are functioning.
Doppler echocardiogram
This technology uses sound waves to assess blood flow within the heart to identify leaking valves.
Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)
This test involves analyzing sound waves that are sent through a tube inserted through the mouth down to the heart. This technique is useful in patients whose heart and blood vessels are difficult to assess with standard echocardiography.
Holter monitoring
A Holter monitoring device is used to record heartbeats over a period of 24 hours or longer.